From: Review: chronic and persistent diarrhea with a focus in the returning traveler
Author | Publication Year | Surveillance Years | Origin of Travelers | %Male | Age Median (IQR/Range) Mean (std) | Destinationc | Number of Travelers | PMd Chronic Diarrhea (CD) | Rank Among Syndromic Diagnoses | Leading Syndromic Dignoses [Rank & PM]b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freedman | 2006 | 1996–2004 | Global | 52 | 33 (26–45) IQR | Global | 17353 | 113 | 4 | #1: AFI 226 #2: AD 222 #3: D 170 |
46 | 37 (27–50) IQR | Carribean | 1115 | 132 | 4 | #1: D: 261 #2: AD 196 #3: AFI 166 | ||||
55 | 30 (23–42) IQR | South America | 1675 | 130 | 4 | #1: D 264 #2: AD 219 #3: AFI 143 | ||||
48 | 32 (24–45) IQR | Central Am/Mexico | 1326 | 173 | 3 | #1: AD 234 #2: D: 225 | ||||
56 | 34 (27–45) IQR | SSA | 4524 | 57 | 7 | #1: AFI 371 #2: AD 167 #3: D 127 | ||||
50 | 32 (25–45) IQR | SC Asia | 2403 | 129 | 4 | #1: AD 327 #2: AFI 171 #3: D 130 | ||||
53 | 32 (25–42) IQR | SE Asis | 2793 | 97 | 4 | #1: AD 248 #2: D 212 #3: AD 210 | ||||
Leder | 2006 | 1996–2004 | Global | 49 | 36.4 (1–85) | SSA | 2062 | 40 | 4 | #1: AFI 180 #2: AD 130 #3: D 130 |
48 | 34.8 (1–91) | Asia | 4615 | 60 | 5 | #1: AD 210 #2: D 140 #3: AFI 120 #4: R 60 | ||||
47 | 35 (1–83) | Latin America | 2581 | 80 | 4 | #1: D 230 #2: AD 150 #3: AFI 100 | ||||
Greenwood | 2008 | 2000–2005 | Global | -- | -- | Global | 22569 | 57 | -- | -- |
Davis | 2008 | 1998–2007 | Global | -- | -- | SE Asia | 6913 | 66 | 6 | #1: D 209 #2: AFI 205 #3: AD 168 #4: ND GI 76 #5: R 73 |
-- | -- | SC Asia | 3543 | 116 | 3 | #1: AD 294 #2: AFI 168 | ||||
Chene | 2009 | 1996–2008 | Global-Short Terme | 50 | 38 (NA) | Global | 24807 | 45 | 4 | #1 AD 123 #2: D 60 #3: GI Parasites 55 |
Global-Long Terme | 57 | 33 (NA) | Global | 4039 | 50 | 1 | #1: CD 50 #2: G 36 #3: IBS 36 | |||
--- | --- | South America | ---- | 58 | 3 | #1: CL: 72 #2: IBS: 66 | ||||
--- | --- | Central Am/Mexico | ---- | 108 | 1 | #1: CD 108 #2: IBS 97 #3: AD 37 | ||||
--- | --- | North Africa | ---- | -- | -- | #1: G 44 #2: AD 44 #3: IBS 37 | ||||
--- | --- | Middle East | ---- | 31 | 2 | #1: G 109 #2: CD 31 | ||||
--- | --- | SC Asia | ---- | 87 | 1 | #1: CD 87 #2: G 86 | ||||
--- | --- | SE Asia | ---- | 54 | 2 | #1: D 63 | ||||
Mendelson | 2010 | 1997–2009 | Global | 52 | SSA | 13460 | 56 | 6 | #1: AFI 314 #2: AD 166 #3: D 118 #4: ND GI 91 #5: R 64 | |
50 | -- | South Africa | 823 | 66 | 5 | #1: AFI 390 #2: D 156 #3: AD 130 #4: R 68 | ||||
Field | 2010 | 2008 | European | 51.1 | 36 (0–89) | Global | 6957 | 70 | 5 | #1: AFI 200 #2: AD 170 #3: D 120 #4: R: 80 |
--- | --- | Carribean | 116 | 80 | 4 | #1: D: 300 #2: AD 240 #3: AFI 200 | ||||
--- | --- | South Am | 477 | 90 | 4 | #1: D: 180 #2: AD: 150 #3: AFI 150 | ||||
--- | --- | Central Am/Mexico | 133 | 110 | 5 | #1: AD 320 #2: D: 260 #3: AFI 160 | ||||
--- | --- | North Africa | 366 | 160 | 2 | #1: AD 360 | ||||
--- | --- | SSA | 1832 | 50 | 6 | #1: AFI 330 #2: AD 180 #3: D 120 | ||||
--- | --- | Middle East | 109 | 90 | 5 | #1: AD 310 #2: AFI 150 #3: D 130 | ||||
--- | --- | SC Asia | 683 | 110 | 3 | #1: AD 390 #2: AFI 170 | ||||
--- | --- | SE Asia | 637 | 90 | 5 | #1: AFI 250 #2: D 220 #3: AD 210 #4: R 100 | ||||
Schlagenhauf | 2010 | 1997–2007 | Global (Males) | 100% | 35.9 (NA) | Global | 29265 | 53 | 4 | #1 AD 216 #2 AFI 174 #3 R 107 |
Global (Females) | 100% | 34.4 (NA) | Global | 29643 | 65 | 4 | #1 AD 246 #2 R 116 #3 AFI 113 | |||
Flores-Figueroa | 2011 | 1996–2010 | NA Europe | 46 | 35.9 +/− 14.7 | Central America | 4779 | 114 | 4 | #1:AD 235 #2: D 201 #3: AFI 128 |
Gautret | 2012 | 1997–2009 | Global Elderly >60 | 49 | 65 (60–98) | Global | 7034 | 59 | 7 | #1: AD 167 #2: R 146 #3: D 145 #4: AFI 126 #5: ND GI 76 #6: MSK 65 |
Latin America | 1161 | 102 | 5 | #1: D 188 #2: AD 152 #3: AFI 121 | ||||||
Africa | 1543 | 70 | 5 | #1: AFI 225 #2: AD 150 #3: D 148 #4: R 79 | ||||||
Middle East | 179 | 78 | 6 | #1: D 179 #2: AD 168 #3: R 156 #4: AFI 106 | ||||||
Asia | 3311 | 37 | 9 | #1: AD 197 #2: R 185 #3: D 127 | ||||||
Gautret | 2012 | 1997–2009 | Global 18–45 | 55 | 30 (18–45) | Global | 56042 | 65 | 5 | #1: AD 229 #2: AFI 183 #3: R 103 #4 D 133 |
Odolini | 2012 | 2008 | Europe | 51 | 36 (27–48) IQR | Global | 6957 | 40 | 4 | #1: AD 60 #2: Viral 60 #3: Malaria 50 |
--- | --- | North Africa | 330 | 80 (140) | 2 | #1: AD 160 #2: CD 80 #3: PI-IBS 60 | ||||
--- | --- | SC Asia | 676 | 60 | 4 | #1: G 110 #2: AD 110 | ||||
--- | --- | SE Asia | 631 | 50 | 4 | #1: Dengue 100 #2: Viral: 100 #3: AD: 90 | ||||
--- | --- | South America | 351 | 50 | 3 | #1: AD: 70 #2: Viral 70 | ||||
Odolini | 2012 | 20092009 | Europe | 50 | 35 (27–47) IQR | Global | 6392 | 40 | 4 | #1: AD 60 #2: Malaria 60 #3: Viral 60 |
--- | --- | North Africa | 248 | 60 (150) | 3 | #1: AD 150 #2: CD 60 #3: PI-IBS 70 | ||||
--- | --- | SC Asia | 550 | 70 | 4 | #1: G 110 #2: AD 90 #3: Campy 70 | ||||
--- | --- | SE Asia | 678 | 40 | 5 | #1: Dengue 100 #2: AD 80 #3: Viral #4: Hookworm 60 | ||||
--- | --- | South America | 374 | 50 | 4 | #1: AD: 80 #2: Malaria 60 #3: Hookworm 50 | ||||
Harveyf | 2013 | 1997–2011 | U.S. | 49 | 34 (med) | Global | 13,059 | 80 | 5 | #1: Acute Diarrhea 220 #2: GI Other 150 #3 AFI 140 #4 D 120 #5: CD 80 |
Mendelsong | 2014 | 1997–2011 | NA Europe | 52 | 35 (0–92) | Africa | 16893 | 50 (70) | 4 | #1 Malaria 130 #2: Acute diarrhea 80 #3: Viral Syndrome 70 PI-IBS 20 |
--- | 37 (0–87) | North Africa | 2474 | 110 (150) | 2 | #1: AD 230 #2: CD 110 #3: PIIBS 40 | ||||
--- | 35–37 (0–92) | Central/West Africa | 7446 | 30 | 6 | #1: Malaria 250 #2: AD 100 #3: Viral 70 #4: G 40 #5: AFI 30 | ||||
--- | 34 (0–89) | East Africa | 5516 | 50 (70) | 4 | #1: AD 120 #2: Viral 80 #3: Malaria 50 #4: CD 50 #5: PI-IBS 20 | ||||
--- | 40 (0–89) | South Africa | 1457 | 50 | 4 | #1: R 190 #2: Viral 120 #3: AD 70 | ||||
Boggild | 2014 | 2009–2011 | Canadian | 42 | 38 (0–89) | Global | 2010 | 82 (166) | 3 | #1: AD 85 #2: PI-IBS 84 |
Wilson | 2014 | 1997–2013 | Global | 55 | 33 (0–78) | Brazil (South Ameica) | 1586 | 44 | 4 | #1: D 397 #2: AFI 187 #3: AD 92 |
Monge-Maillo | 2014 | 1989–2010 | Spain | 44 | 36 (28–44) | SSA | 209 | 10 | -- | ---- |
35 | Latin America | 142 | 63 | -- | -- | |||||
Hagmann | 2014 | 2000–2012 | U.S. | 48.6 | 33 (0–94) | Global | 9624 | 105 | 6 | #1: AD-- #2: AFI 182 #3: GI other 178 #4: Dem 166 #5: Respiratory 108 |
--- | --- | Caribbean | --- | --- | --- | #1: AD: 156 #2: Dengue 69 #3: Viral 50 #4: R 39 #6: PIIBS 36 | ||||
--- | --- | South America | --- | 34 (121) | 5 | #1: AD 197 #2: PIIBS 87 | ||||
--- | --- | Central Am/Mexico | --- | 30 (99) | 4 | #1: AD 275 #2: PIIBS 69 #3: D 46 | ||||
--- | --- | North Africa | --- | 40 (103) | 4 | #1: AD: 280 #2: Giardia 85 #3: PIIBS: 63 | ||||
--- | --- | SSA | --- | (28) | 7 | #1: Malaria 127 #2: AD 145 #3: Giardia 42 PIIBS 28 #7 | ||||
--- | --- | Middle East | --- | (57) | 4 | #1: AD: 220 #2: Shistosomiasis 68 #3: G 57 #4: PIIBS 57 | ||||
--- | --- | SC Asia | --- | 28 (83) | 3 | #1: AD: 250 #2: Giadia 81 #3: PIIBS: 55 #4: R: 36 CD: 28 #8 | ||||
--- | --- | SE Asia | --- | 31 (84) | 5 | #1: AD 194 #2: PIIBS 53 #3: Dengue 41 #4: R 32 | ||||
Schlagenhaufh | 2015 | 2008–2012 | European | 51 | 35 (27–48) | Global | 32136 | 40 | 4 | #1: Malaria 70 #2: AD 70 #3: Viral 55 PI-IBS 20 |