Authors | Year | Preparation of infusion | Cocaine content of infusion | Urinalysis | Benzoylecgonine (BE) concentration in urine | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siegel et al. [121] | 1986 | N = 36? | HIT*: ~ 4.8 mg Mate de Coca: ~ 5.7 mg (= 0.13–0.68% as normally found in coca) | No evidence of ‘decocainisation’, No ill effect, no abuse | ||
ElSohly et al. [122] | 1986 | N = 1 1 teabag HIT in 1 cup | 2.15 mg | 6 samples within 29 h | Total amount excreted after 29 h: 818.8 μg + 31.1% of ingested dose. | Consider HIT consumption when interpreting data |
Ferreira-Engelke et al. [123] | 1991 | 40 teabags of HIT - 20 teabag (1 teabag/cup/10 min - 20 teabags extracted in ethanol/15 min (method by Turner [124] | X ± SD 0.04% ± 0.017 0.33% ± 0.035 | Not decocainised; If stored for long (e.g. 3 years) cocaine in brewed tea 0.006–0.004%, in ethanol extraction 0.06–0.05% | ||
Jackson et al. [125] | 1991 | N = 4 males 1 cup of HIT | 1.87 mg | Samples over 36 h | Maximum BE concentration 1.4–2.8 mg/l Total BE excretion in 36 h 1.05–1.45 mg (= 59–90% of ingested cocaine) | Consider HIT when interpreting data |
Floren et al. [126] | 1993 | N = 2 1 cup/240 ml of tea brought from Bolivia | Technical problems prevented cocaine testing. Estimated 0.8 mg of BE (3.4 μg/ml) | In one subject 2608 ng/ml after 4 h; Both subjects negative after 24 h | Authors concerned about having had coca tea for 10 days in Bolivia. ‘Experiment’ poorly described. Emphasise ‘illegality’. ‘Decocainisation cannot be done’ 20-30 mg per line of cocaine | |
Jenkins et al. [32] | 1996 | N = 1 Coca teabags from 1) Peru and 2) Bolivia randomly selected weighed and tea prepared 1 bag in 180 ml deionized water at 94 °C. Infusion times: 6, 9, 12, 15 min Subject drank 1 cup Peruvian tea; same subject drank 1 cup Bolivian tea on separate occasion | 2 methods of methanolic extraction for both sources Peruvian tea: 4.14 mg (range 3.40–4.76 mg) Bolivian tea: 4.29 mg (range 4.09–4.49 mg) | Samples over 48 h | BE in urine for at least 20 h | Steeping time increased cocaine content in Peruvian tea (3.94–5.88 mg), approx. 80% of available cocaine transferred to tea. Consider tea when interpreting data. |
Turner et al. [127] | 2005 | N = 1 1 teabag of Mate de Coca from Peru in 250 ml boiling water Steeped for 25 min. | 2.5 mg | Samples prior to consumption and 2, 5, 8, 15, 20, 21, 24, 43, 68 h after | Positive for BE 2–24 h after consumption | [IB: Nobody would steep tea for 25 min!] Consider tea when interpreting data in sports drug testing |
Mazor et al. [128] | 2006 | N = 5 1 teabag of Peruvian coca tea in 8 fluid ounces. Steeped for 15 min Each volunteer drank 1 more cup than the previous (A = 1 cup; B = 2 cups, etc) | Samples prior and at 2, 12, 24, 36 h after ingestion | Mean BE concentration in all samples: 1777 ng/ml (95%CI: 1060–2495) | Consider tea when interpreting data. |